Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is a country in the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It has an area of 2,150,000 km², making it the fifth largest country in Asia, the second largest in the Arab world, and the largest country in Western Asia by area. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. The island kingdom of Bahrain is located off the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Saudi Arabia is the only country that has a coastline extending on the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its territory consists of deserts, lowlands, steppes, and mountains. Its capital and largest city is Riyadh. Saudi Arabia includes Mecca and Medina, the two holiest cities in Islam.

Pre-Islamic Arabia, the region that makes up modern Saudi Arabia, was the site of many ancient cultures and civilizations. The history of pre-Saudi Arabia shows some early traces of human activity in the world.[10] Islam, the second largest religion in the world,[11] emerged in what is today Saudi Arabia. In the early seventh century AD, the Prophet Muhammad united the people of the Arabian Peninsula and established a single Islamic religious entity.[12] After his death in 632, his followers quickly expanded the lands under Muslim rule outside Arabia, conquering unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to parts of Central Asia and South Asia in the east) in a matter of decades. Many Arab families originated from the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; The Rashidun Caliphs (632-661), the Umayyads (661-750), the Abbasids (750-1517), and the Fatimids (909-1171), as well as many other dynasties in Asia, Africa, and Europe.


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